[104] An active agitator against the Bolshevik Revolution, he fled his native Russia in 1920 and travelled widely in eastern Europe, making contact with Bulgarian Theosophists and probably with G.I. [55] As Adolf Hitler's official deputy, Hess had also been attracted to and influenced by the biodynamic agriculture of Rudolf Steiner and Anthroposophy. However, there were only two points in which the NSDAP was a successor to the Thule Society. Several eyewitnesses who lived with Hitler while he was in his late teens and early-to-mid 20s in Vienna state that he never attended church after leaving home at 18. Bergmann, in his work, Die 25 Thesen der Deutschreligion (Twenty-five Points of the German Religion), expounded the theory that the Old Testament and portions of the New Testament of the Bible were inaccurate. [96] He is even supposed to have designed a chair for Himmler; at least, this chair and its covers are offered for sale on the Internet. Strohm 1997, 99; Strohm refers to René Nelli, National Socialist German Doctors' League, An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races, The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party, German National Movement in Liechtenstein, remove explicitly Jewish content from the Bible, Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union, Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, Kevin Davidson, "Was Hitler a Christian?". [25], The Nazis were aided by theologians, such as Dr. Ernst Bergmann. Even the wife will, when she has left the myths of the church find something else which her heart and mind can embrace.”[86], Only adherents of theories of Nazi occultism or the few former SS members who were, after the war, participants in the Landig Group in Vienna would claim that the cultic activities within the SS would amount to its own mystical religion. Nazi authorities understandably disliked the book, which was banned in the following year. Naqshbandi, Muhammad Nazim Adil al-Haqqani. Haqqani Naqshbandia, Sheikh Nazim al al-. "[1], In Istanbul, Nazim studied Classical Arabic and Islamic Jurisprudence (fiqh) under Jamal al-Din al-Alsuni (d. 1955 CE/1375 AH) and received an ijaza (permission to teach) in these subjects from him. His name was therefore transliterated into English in various ways: Nazim Qibrisi (Turkish: Nazım Kıbrısi), indicating his homeland of Cyprus (Turkish: Kıbrıs), and Muhammad Nazim Adil al-Qubrusi al-Haqqani an-Naqshbandi (Arabic: محمد ناظم عادل القبرصي الحقاني النقشبندي). For example, an expedition to Tibet was organized to search for the origins of the "Aryan race". New York: Howard Fertig. Please make dua for the following who help contribute monthly to Halal Tube to cover our hosting costs: Nazim est un auteur-compositeur et interprète français originaire de Marseille. 1997. [7] Aside from these works, historians did not consider the question until the 1980s. There, he met Abdullah Fa'izi ad-Daghestani, and they exchanged the Sufi oath of mutual allegiance (bay'ah). He gained a large following of spiritual seekers from Western Europe and North America, many of whom converted to Islam after encountering his teaching. 1,002 rolls, National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), National Socialist League for Physical Exercise (NSRL), German National Socialist Workers' Party (Czechoslovakia), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religious_aspects_of_Nazism&oldid=978764555, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles needing POV-check from November 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2007, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, the Old Testament and the Jewish race are not an exception and one should return to the Nordic peoples', Joseph Goebbels (Fred Taylor Translation); The Goebbels Diaries 1939–41; Hamish Hamilton Ltd; London; 1982; p.77: Goebbels wrote on 29 December 1939 "The, Joseph Goebbels (Fred Taylor Translation); The Goebbels Diaries 1939–41; Hamish Hamilton Ltd; London; 1982; pp. In its first issue, the newspaper published an article on the origins of the Nordic race, hypothesizing a location near the North Pole similar to the theory of Hermann Wirth (but not mentioning Atlantis).[90]. In January 1933 Sebottendorff published Bevor Hitler kam: Urkundlich aus der Frühzeit der Nationalsozialistischen Bewegung ("Before Hitler Came: Documents from the Early Days of the National Socialist Movement"). Uki Goñi in his book The Real Odessa (Granta, 2003) describes how Jacques de Mahieu, a wanted SS war criminal, was "a regular speaker at the pagan solar solstice celebrations held by fugitive Nazis in postwar Argentina. Another expedition was sent to the Andes. [19], Alfred Rosenberg was influential in the development of Positive Christianity. According to Heinar Schilling, the Germanic peoples of the Late Bronze Age had adopted a four-spoke wheel as symbolic of the sun "and this symbol has been developed into the modern swastika of our own society [i.e., Nazi Germany] which represents the sun." Nazim was active in Turkish and Arabic language contexts. [77] (One detailed but difficult source for this is a book written by Wulff himself, Tierkreis und Hakenkreuz, published in Germany in 1968. The religious beliefs of even the leading Nazis diverged strongly. [94] Wiligut was clearly sympathetic to the Nazi Revolution of January 1933. [23], The virulent antisemitism of Martin Luther has been identified as an inspiration for Nazism. [99] From this book he gave at least one reading, before an "extraordinarily large" audience. Ariosophy was only one of the threads of Esotericism in Germany and Austria during this time. 2010. Neither did the Führer's plans for his Thousand-year Reich have any room whatever for the heady love of individual liberty with which the Thuleans romantically endowed their Nordic ancestors. The difficulty for historians lies in the task of evaluating not only the public, but also the private statements of the Nazi politicians. Nazism as political religion. [67] Godwin summarises the differences in outlook which separated the Thule Society from the direction taken by the Nazis: "Hitler...had little time for the whole Thule business, once it had carried him where he needed to be...he could see the political worthlessness of paganism [i.e., what Goodrick-Clarke would describe as the racist-occult complex of Ariosophy] in Christian Germany. [106] He became an enthusiastic convert to Anthroposophy in 1923, but by 1929 he had repudiated it as yet another agent of the conspiracy. 1988. [92] The occultist Karl Maria Wiligut (known in the SS under the pseudonym 'Weisthor') accompanied Himmler on his visits to the castle. At that time, he made the first of four nationwide tours. 1995. The (first?) [106] He lectured widely on conspiracy theories and was appointed an honorary SS professor in 1942, but was barred from lecturing in uniform because of his unorthodox views. [72] After Sebottendorff left Munich, the paper was converted into a limited liability company. The "abstruse ideas and weird cults [of Ariosophy] anticipated the political doctrines and institutions of the Third Reich"[13] writes Goodrick-Clarke in the introduction to his book, motivating the phrase "occult roots of Nazism"; direct influences, however, are sparse. Historians have described this statement as "a tactical measure, 'cleverly' left undefined in order to accommodate a broad range of meanings,"[21] and an "ambiguous phraseology. In The Myth of the Twentieth Century, he wrote that:[20]. [87], In 1935 Himmler, along with Darré, established the Ahnenerbe. C'est donc à un album insufflant des messages «poétiques, d’amour, d’humour, qui ne soient pas intello », auquel il faut désormais s'attendre. 1990. Naqshbandi, Muhammad Nazim Adil al-Haqqani. [92] Initially, the Wewelsburg was intended to be a museum and officer's college for ideological education within the SS, but it was subsequently placed under the direct control of the office of the Reichsführer SS (Himmler) in February 1935. Goodrick-Clarke's book The Occult Roots... is not only considered "without exception"[9] to be the pioneering work on Ariosophy, but also the "definitive book" on the topic. Steigmann-Gall, who intended to do this in his study, points to such people as Erich Koch (who was not only Gauleiter of East Prussia and Reichskomissar for the Ukraine, but also the elected praeses of the East Prussian provincial synod of the Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union)[27] and Bernhard Rust[28] as examples of Nazi politicians who also professed to be Christian in private. His name was therefore transliterated into English in various ways: Nazim Qibrisi (Turkish: Nazım Kıbrısi), indicating his homeland of Cyprus (Turkish: Kıbrıs), and Muhammad Nazim Adil al-Qubrusi al-Haqqani an-Naqshbandi (Arabic: محمد ناظم عادل القبرصي الحقاني النقشبندي ). [3][4][5], Nazim was involved in the political realm. He died on May 7, 2014 (8 Rajab 1435), aged 92.[6]. 1 of 2, pp. [37] In his book Mein Kampf and in public speeches prior to and in the early years of his rule, he described himself as a Christian. Abdullah Gul. [29][48], Once in office, Hitler and his regime sought to reduce the influence of Christianity on society. His name al-Haqqani is an honorific name granted by his Sufi teacher Abdullah Fa'izi ad-Daghestani. Jørgen S. Nielsen, Mustafa Draper and Galina Yemelianova, "Transnational Sufism: The Haqqaniyya" in Jamal Malik and John R. Hinnells (eds). From a young age, he expressed disbelief and hostility to Christianity. [108] He also worked for Alfred Rosenberg's news agency during the 1920s before joining the SS. In it he discusses the importance of Islamic values of the Turkish state, discussing how their forefathers were the Ottomans who ruled the country as a caliphate for more than 600 years until its downfall. [82] As an order, the SS needed a coherent doctrine that would set it apart. [citation needed], Following the end of the unrest in the region due to World War II, Nazim was able to enter Damascus in 1945. [11], In 2012, Sheikh Nazim hosted former Pakistan president Pervez Musharraf as an honoured guest in his home in Lefke, Cyprus. [59] For this task he had received about a hundred addresses of potential members in Bavaria from Hermann Pohl, and from 1918 he was also supported by Walter Nauhaus. Ideologically, it was remarkably similar to Nazism. Originally, the Beobachter ("Observer") had been a minor weekly newspaper of the eastern suburbs of Munich, published since 1868. Under the sign of the swastika "the light bringers of the Nordic race overran the lands of the dark inferior races, and it was no coincidence that the most powerful expression of the Nordic world was found in the sign of the swastika". Daghistānī, ʻAbd Allāh al-Naqshbandī, and Nazim Haqqani. [9] The term 'Ariosophy' refers to an esoteric movement in Germany and Austria of the 1900s to 1930s. 661. [1], Nazim took up residence in Damascus in 1952 to continue his studies with Abdullah, though he continued to spend three months or more each year in his native Cyprus. [citation needed]. When SS-Sturmbannführer Baron von Thermann (Edmund Freiherr von Thermann, German WP), the new head of the German Legation, arrived in December 1933, one of his first public engagements was to attend the NSDAP Sonnenwendfeier at the house of Vicente Lopez in the suburbs of Buenos Aires, "a neo-pagan festival with torches in which the Argentine Nazis greeted the winter and summer solstices". Himmler even had his personal quarters at Wewelsburg castle decorated in commemoration of Heinrich the Fowler. The conflict was resolved with the coming to power of Adnan Menderes in Turkey, whose government chose a more tolerant approach to Islamic traditions. [92] The impetus for the change of the conception most likely came from Wiligut. "[47] Hitler's remarks to confidants, as described in the Goebbels Diaries, the memoirs of Albert Speer, and transcripts of Hitler's private conversations recorded by Martin Bormann in Hitler's Table Talk, are further evidence of his irreligious and anti-Christian beliefs;[29] these sources record a number of private remarks in which Hitler ridicules Christian doctrine as absurd, contrary to scientific advancement, and socially destructive. With the exception of Karl Maria Wiligut,[14] Goodrick-Clarke has not found evidence that prominent Ariosophists directly influenced Nazism. Bramwell, however, comments that Himmler "is supposed to have sent a party of SS men to Tibet in order to search for Shangri-La, an expedition which is more likely to have had straightforward espionage as its purpose". Himmler attempted to construct such an ideology, and to this purpose he deduced a "pseudo-Germanic tradition"[83] from history. 1. [12], He received the Bahauddin adil (Pingat Darjah Kebesaran DKA) from Sultan Azlan Shah of Perak in 2009. [citation needed] In Homs, he studied at the madrasa adjoining the burial shrine and mosque of Muhammad's companion, Khalid ibn al-Walid. 2006. He entrusted the Munich sports reporter Karl Harrer with the formation of a workers' club, called the Deutscher Arbeiterverein ('German workers' club') or Politischer Arbeiterzirkel ('Political workers' ring'). Il a notamment écrit «Les Yeux De La Mama» pour Kendji Girac, «Riche» pour Claudio Capéo, ainsi que de nombreux hits pour des artistes comme Chimène Badi ou Amir pour qui il a écrit le célèbre morceau «J'ai Cherché». 1994. There are many works that speculate about Nazism and occultism, the most prominent being The Morning of the Magicians (1960) and The Spear of Destiny (1972). It brought SS folk together at candlelit banquet tables and around raging bonfires that harked back to German tribal rites. [31] Ernst Hanfstaengl, a friend from his early days in politics, says Hitler "was to all intents and purposes an atheist by the time I got to know him". [1], In Syria, Nazim continued his sharia studies in Aleppo, Hama, and Homs. Among the writers who alluded before 1980 to the religious aspects of Nazism are Aurel Kolnai, Raymond Aron, Albert Camus, Romano Guardini, Denis de Rougemont, Eric Voegelin, George Mosse, Klaus Vondung and Friedrich Heer. However, according to the theologian Johannes Wallmann, Luther's views exercised no continual influence in Germany,[24] and Hans J. Hillerbrand claimed that the focus on Luther's influence on Nazism's anti-Semitism ignored other factors in German history. The Speeches of Adolf Hitler: April 1922 – August 1939. 1994. A travers son premier single, Nazim souhaite faire passer un message à son public. The Speeches of Adolf Hitler, April 1922-August 1939, Vol. "They lit great pillars of wood, and in the light of the flickering flames diverse NSDAP orators lectured the children on the origins of the ceremony and sang the praises of the (Nazis) Fallen for Liberty. 19–20, Oxford University Press, 1942. from Norman H. Baynes, ed. When he was involuntarily committed to the Salzburg mental asylum between November 1924 and early 1927, he received support from several other occultists. [29] Although he was prepared to delay conflicts for political reasons, historians conclude that he ultimately intended the destruction of Christianity in Germany, or at least its distortion or subjugation to a Nazi outlook. [67] Apparently, meetings of the Thule Society continued until 1923. Made of unglazed stoneware, the Julleuchter was decorated with early pagan Germanic symbols. Its connection with Nazism has made the Thule Society a popular subject of modern cryptohistory. 2004. By December 1920, all its shares were in the hands of Anton Drexler, who transferred the ownership of the paper to Hitler in November 1921.[73]. Sebottendorff was arrested but managed to flee to Turkey. 1980. [99] "In September 1935 Rahn wrote excitedly to Weisthor [Karl Maria Wiligut] about the places he was visiting in his hunt for grail traditions in Germany, asking complete confidence in the matter with the exception of Himmler. Jehovah's Witnesses were ruthlessly persecuted for refusing both military service and allegiance to Hitler's movement. "[95] Wiligut's work for the SS also included the design of the Totenkopfring (death's head ring) that was worn by SS members. At another in December 1937, 500 young people, mostly Hitler Youth and Hitler Maidens, were taken to a natural amphitheatre dominating the sea at Comodoro Rivadavia in the south of the country. [citation needed] In 1974, he began to visit Western Europe, traveling every year to London, England, for the month of Ramadan. "[71], The other point in which the NSDAP continued the activities of the Thule Society is in the publication of the newspaper Völkischer Beobachter. [50] These anti-church radicals were generally permitted or encouraged to perpetrate the Nazi persecutions of the churches. Influencé par Charles Aznavour . [101][102], Rahn's connection of the Cathars with the Holy Grail ultimately leads to Montségur in France, which had been the last remaining fortress of the Cathars in France during the Middle Ages. [85] The Winter Solstice, or Yuletide, was the climax of the year. Adolf Hitler's religious beliefs have been a matter of debate; the wide consensus of historians consider him to have been irreligious, anti-Christian, anti-clerical and scientistic. An-Naqshabandi, Sheikh Nazim Adil Al-Haqqani. According to Goodrick-Clarke, the Ariosophists wove occult ideas into the völkisch ideology that existed in Germany and Austria at the time. p. 402. The persistent idea that the Nazis were directed by occult agencies has been dismissed by historians as modern cryptohistory. [67] Drexler urged the foundation of a political party, and on 5 January 1919 the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (DAP, German Workers' Party) was formally founded. [64], In The Myth of the Twentieth Century, the most important Nazi book after Mein Kampf, Alfred Rosenberg referred to Atlantis as a lost land or at least to an Aryan cultural center. After his retirement from the Austrian military, Wiligut had been active in the 'ariosophic' milieu.
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