20 See Simon Macdonald, Enemies of the republic: policing the British in Revolutionary Paris, forthcoming. 57–8; Lynn, John A., The bayonets of the republic: motivation and tactics in the army of Revolutionary France, 1791–1794 (Urbana, IL, and Chicago, IL, 1984), p. 141. 64–5.

Robespierre, who embodied the civil war and the Terror, was excluded from being buried in the Panthéon. Robespierre's sister Charlotte claimed that Didier served as her brother's secretary: F7 4774/94 (interrogation 13 Thermidor). For Rousselin, see Horn, Eyewitness to revolutions. However, after the people of Paris rose up against the king in August 1792, Robespierre was elected to the insurrectionary Commune of Paris. The armistice ended America’s first experiment with the Cold War concept of ...read more. 7 These and other usages can be tracked through the datasets Gallica, Frantext/ARTFL, and ECCO. 57–8; Cobb, Richard, The people's armies: the armées révolutionnaires: instrument of the Terror in the departments, April 1793 to Floréal Year II, trans. Born under the tyrannical and decaying ancien regime of the Bourbon kings of France, you quickly came to realise that the governance provided by these kings and their noble courtiers served only to diminish the inherent righteousness of your countrymen, suffocating them beneath a blanket of arbitrary royal whims and decrepit, dysfunctional structures. 168. 56 Aulard's account seems to identify Rousselin and Legendre as Robespierre's antagonists on this issue: Aulard, ed., Société des Jacobins, vi, pp. A copy is held at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF), J-3226. 37 Morieux, Renaud, ‘Patriotisme humanitaire et prisonniers de guerre en France et en Grande-Bretagne pendant la Révolution française et l'Empire’, in Bourquin, Laurent, Hamon, Philippe, Hugon, Alain, and Lagadec, Yann, eds., La politique par les armes: conflits internationaux et politisation, XVe–XIXe siècle (Rennes, 2014), pp. For a reading of the 7 Prairial decree as part of a Revolutionary vision of hostis humani generis (‘enemy of the human race’), see Edelstein, Dan, The Terror of natural right: republicanism, the cult of nature, and the French Revolution (Chicago, IL, 2009), pp. 38 Our thinking on this point has been influenced by scholarship on the English Channel: Morieux, Renaud, The Channel: England, France and the construction of a maritime border in the eighteenth century (Cambridge, 2016); Cohen, Margaret and Dever, Carolyn, eds., The literary Channel: the inter-national invention of the novel (Princeton, NJ, 2002). 80 ‘Lettre de Maximilien Robespierre à MM. See also Ording, Arne, Le bureau de police du Comité de salut public: étude sur la Terreur (Oslo, 1930), pp. Can you build a republic to stand the test of time? Published online by Cambridge University Press. 24 Robespierre, Oeuvres, x, pp. 519–20. In the aftermath of the coup, the Committee of Public Safety lost its authority, the prisons were emptied, and the French Revolution became decidedly less radical. 1–32. 14 AP, XCI, p. 41. 25–54. (102 vols. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account.

Robespierre is best known for his role as a member of the Committee of Public Safety as he personally signed 542 arrests, especially in Spring and Summer 1794. See too, in similar vein, a propagandist French ‘Hymne sur l'air des Marseillois’ written following Toulon's recapture, exhorting the ‘Sans-Culottes Englais’ to join the French in triumphing against tyrants: Archives Nationales, Paris (AN), F17 1357. The source text upon which this translation is based is given as issue number 594 of the Courier and Evening Gazette. As one of the leading members of the insurrectionary Paris Commune, Robespierre was elected as a deputy to the French Convention in early September 1792 but was soon criticised for trying to establish either a triumvirate or a dictatorship. Madival, J. et al. News of the 7 Prairial decree reached Brussels by 3 June: see British Library Add. View all Google Scholar citations 338–40. 187–8; Robespierre, Oeuvres, x, p. 503. Civilization V Customisation Wiki is a FANDOM Games Community. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. 81 Simonin, La déshonneur dans la République. Lebailly, Monique (Paris, 2007), pp. 86 We owe this point to Ariane Fichtl (private correspondence). He studied law through a scholarship and in 1789 was elected to be a representative of the Arras commoners in the Estates General.

First, it analyses a war of words which unfolded between Robespierre and the duke of York, the commander of the British forces on the northern front. To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Have the people found their protector, or will you be yet another impure tyrant, destined for the sweet justice of the guillotine? 224–5, 231, see also lxvii, pp. In the National Convention, he emerged as the leader of the Mountain, as the Jacobin faction was known, and opposed the Girondins. This period was characterized by the fall of the monarchy, the establishment of the National Convention and the Reign of Terror, the Thermidorian Reaction and the founding of the Directory, and, finally, the creation of the Consulate and Napoleon's rise to power. 358, 360, xcv, p. 15, xcv, p. 373, c, p. 495; and [de Chateaubriand, François-René], Essai historique, politique et moral, sur les révolutions anciennes et modernes, considérées dans leurs rapports avec la Révolution françoise (London, [1797]), pp. 34 Craig to Evan Nepean, 6 June 1794, TNA, WO 1/169, fos. 359–60. Edme-Bonaventure Courtois, the editor of Robespierre's papers, cited as members of Robespierre's ‘escorte’, Nicolas, Garnier Delaunay, Didier, Girard, and Châtelet: Courtois, Rapport fait au nom de la commission chargée de l'examen des papiers trouvés chez Robespierre et ses complices, p. 223 (Courtois also mentions Taschereau, whose relations with Robespierre were more complicated). 49 Robespierre, Oeuvres, x, p. 499. Abstract views reflect the number of visits to the article landing page. ROBESPIERRE, THE DUKE OF YORK, AND PISISTRATUS DURING THE FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY TERROR, COPYRIGHT: © Cambridge University Press 2017. 76 Réponse des membres des deux anciens comités de salut public et de sûreté générale, aux imputations renouvellées contre eux, par Laurent Lecointre de Versailles, et déclarées calomnieuses par décret du 13 fructidor dernier; à la Convention nationale (Paris, An 3 [1794]), p. 104. 90 Leuwers, Hervé, ‘Servir le peuple avec vertu’, in Biard, Michel, Bourdin, Philippe, Leuwers, Hervé, and Tourret, Alain, eds., Vertu et politique: les pratiques des législateurs (1789–2014) (Rennes, 2015), p. 403; Robespierre, Oeuvres, i, p. 166 (and see also pp. See Laharie, Patrick, ‘Les burins de la Terreur’, Histoire et archives, 6 (1999), pp. On the Morning Chronicle in France, see Macdonald, Simon, ‘English-language newspapers in Revolutionary France’, Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies, 36 (2013), p. 24. To send this article to your Google Drive account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. 41 Durdent, R. J., Histoire de la Convention nationale de France, accompagnée d'un coup-d'oeil sur les assemblées constituante et legislative (2 vols., Paris, 1818), ii, p. 25. For Rousselin, see Jeff Horn, Eyewitness to revolutions: Alexandre Rousselin, 1773–1847, book manuscript in preparation. In the orgy of bloodshed, Robespierre succeeded in purging many of his political opponents. This involved allegations that Robespierre had used an assassination attempt against him in late May as a pretext for scapegoating the British – including the orchestration of a notorious government decree of 7 Prairial/26 May 1794 which banned the taking of British and Hanoverian prisoners of war. Called to represent the common man of France at the historic Estates General of 1789, you quickly rose to prominence as one of the most aggressive and uncompromising defenders of the French commoner - refusing all notion of compromise with the hated aristocracy. In a recent example, Martin, Jean-Clément (Robespierre: la fabrication d'un monstre (Paris, 2016), p. 284) appears to quote from the Declaration but is in fact citing Robespierre's distorted rendition of it. 85 de Saint-Just, Antoine-Louis, Oeuvres complètes, ed. Robespierre na Allegro.pl - Zróżnicowany zbiór ofert, najlepsze ceny i promocje. In December 1792, he successfully argued in favor of Louis XVI’s execution, and in May 1793 he encouraged the people to rise up in insurrection over military defeats and a food shortage. 30–1, for accompanying text. 116 Baczko, Bronislaw, Ending the Terror: the French Revolution after Robespierre (Cambridge, 1994), pp. 189–210. On July 27, 1943, Joseph Stalin, premier and dictator of the Soviet Union, issues Order No. See Aulard, F.-A., ed., La Société des Jacobins: recueil de documents pour l'histoire du club des Jacobins de Paris (6 vols., Paris, 1889–97), v, pp.

18 See, for example, the October 1793 French propaganda pamphlet, To the English sailors, and soldiers, at Toulon (Paris, 1793); a copy is held at the BnF, 8-LB41-3348.

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